Supporting Your Puppy s Growth Spurt with Science Diet Nutrition

Proper Puppy Nutrition Nourishes Rapid Growth

Puppies grow rapidly. At times during their rapid growth and development from weaning until approximately 4 to 6 months of age, puppies, depending on the breed, require about twice as much energy, or calories, per pound of body weight as adult dogs of the same breed and a higher nutrient intake to support their growing bodies.

The first food a breeder introduces to puppies should provide complete and balanced nutrition to meet the nutrient requirements of growing puppies, says Purina Veterinary Communications Manager Laura Eirmann, DVM, DACVN. With proper nutrition, puppies are more likely to develop properly and have strong teeth and bones, healthy vision, a thick, lustrous coat, strong muscles, and energy and vitality.

Although rapid growth in many dog breeds begins to plateau by 6 months of age, puppies continue to grow and develop for several months longer depending on the breed or size of dog, with smaller dog breeds reaching physical maturity at a younger age compared to large- and giant-breed dogs. During this period, their nutrient requirements per pound of body weight are still greater than they will be as adults, and thus, they should continue to be fed a food specially formulated for growth, advises Eirmann, who is boarded in veterinary nutrition.

Large and giant breeds, such as Great Dane, Saint Bernard, and Newfoundland, may not mature physically until they are nearly 2 years old. These breeds, as well as any puppy with an anticipated adult weight of 70 pounds or greater, should be fed a growth diet specifically formulated for large-breed puppies for their entire growth period.

Nutrient Balance Is Important

The nutritional health of puppies, just like adult dogs, depends on receiving the correct amounts and proportions of six essential nutrients: water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. A puppy food that contains all essential nutrients, except water, which should always be accessible, is considered complete. These nutrients also must be present in the proper proportion to ensure a puppy food is balanced. The nutritional adequacy statement on the pet food label will state if a product provides complete and balanced nutrition for growing puppies.

Though fat, protein and calcium tend to get the greater emphasis in puppy foods, every single essential nutrient is key, especially during the period of rapid growth, Dr. Eirmann says. Deficiencies in any essential nutrient can compromise short- or long-term health.

Feeding a complete and balanced puppy food is important for numerous reasons. Dr. Eirmann notes problems that can happen if nutrients are not balanced:

• A zinc deficiency can contribute to compromised immune function and skin abnormalities
• Too little protein can cause disturbed growth as well as immune compromise and increased susceptibility to various stressor and infectious agents
• Calcium balanced with phosphorus is particularly critical for large-breed dogs, as too little or too much can lead to skeletal problems

Keeping Puppies Fit

Along with providing complete and balanced nutrition, puppies of all breed sizes need an appropriate amount of calories during growth. This is defined as the amount that supports normal growth but maintains the puppy at an optimal lean body condition.

Maximal growth is not optimal growth. Overfeeding and excessive weight gain in large dogs is a risk factor for developmental orthopedic conditions such as hip dysplasia. When feeding a large-breed puppy, research shows that avoiding overfeeding benefits skeletal development, says Dr. Eirmann. A breeder or owner should monitor a puppys weight and body condition score, adjusting food intake as necessary to maintain ideal body condition.

Just as in adult dogs, ideal body condition means that the ribs are easily palpable with minimal fat covering and that the waist is easily noted when viewed from above. A puppy in ideal body condition has an obvious abdominal tuck when viewed from the side.

Even puppies not predisposed to skeletal problems should be maintained at a lean body condition since overweight pups often become overweight or obese dogs with increased risks for various health problems, Dr. Eirmann says.

Some breeds and some individual puppies may have higher or lower energy needs compared to average. Puppies should be fed a measured, or weighed for more precision, amount of a complete and balanced puppy food at each meal, explains Dr. Eirmann. The pet food label provides general guidelines to serve as a starting point, but the amount of food should be adjusted as needed to maintain a lean body condition for that specific puppy. Keep in mind that all additional foods, including training treats, contain calories. Treats should not exceed 10 percent of the puppys daily caloric intake in order to prevent excessive weight gain and unbalancing the puppys nutrient intake.

Matching caloric density of the food to a puppys energy needs is important to help provide adequate satiety. If a puppy eats everything offered and then seems excessively hungry after or between meals, a diet with a lower energy density that has fewer kilocalories per cup may help with satiety since the puppy can be offered a large volume of the lower calorie food, she says. Conversely, if a puppy is unable to eat sufficient volume of food to maintain weight or if the volume appears excessive such that the dog appears bloated after meals, a puppy food that is more caloric dense may be beneficial because a smaller volume can be fed to meet energy and nutrient needs.

One thing to keep in mind is frequently switching foods is likely to create a pattern of pickiness and/or obesity in a puppy. Beyond that, the key is to select a complete and balanced puppy food that matches the energy needs of the puppy, says Dr. Eirmann.

Getting puppies off to a good start in life includes feeding a highly nutritious food made for growth and development. Breeders who take time to give puppies a nutritious advantage in the food bowl will benefit from knowing theyve played an important role in helping them transition to healthy adult dogs.

Feeding Puppies Wisely

• Puppies should be fed a food specially formulated for growth and development until the puppy reaches physical maturity
• Large and giant dog breeds do not mature until they are nearly 2 years old. Thus, until they reach maturity, they should be fed a diet specifically formulated for large-breed puppies in an amount that maintains lean body condition to prevent excessive weight
• Fresh water should be available to dogs at all times
• Food and water dishes should be cleaned daily
• Do not feed dogs bones, table scraps or people food

This article originally appeared in Purina Pro Club

How To Recognize And Address Growth Spurts In Puppies?

Are you a proud new puppy owner? If so, you may have noticed that your furry friend seems to be growing at lightning speed. Its no secret that puppies experience growth spurts, but knowing how to recognize and address them is key to ensuring their health and happiness. In this article, we will explore the signs of growth spurts in puppies and provide you with helpful tips on how to navigate through this exciting phase. So grab a treat and lets dive in!

Recognizing Growth Spurts in Puppies

Observing Rapid Changes in Size and Weight

Recognizing a growth spurt in your puppy can be exciting, as it means they are growing and developing. One of the most obvious signs of a growth spurt is rapid changes in size and weight. You may notice that your puppy is getting bigger and heavier in a short period of time. Their limbs may seem longer, and their body may become more filled out. Keep an eye on your puppys physical appearance to gauge if they are going through a growth spurt.

Tracking Age and Development Milestones

Another way to recognize a growth spurt is by tracking your puppys age and development milestones. Puppies go through various stages of development, and growth spurts are usually associated with specific ages. For example, most puppies experience a growth spurt between the ages of 3 to 6 months. During this time, their bodies undergo significant changes, and their growth rate may increase. By keeping track of your puppys age and knowing what developmental milestones to expect, you can better recognize when they are going through a growth spurt.

Noticing Increased Appetite and Food Intake

A common sign of a growth spurt in puppies is an increased appetite and food intake. During periods of rapid growth, puppies require more nutrients and energy to support their development. You may notice that your puppy starts eating larger portions of food or begins asking for second helpings at mealtime. This is completely normal and indicates that their body is working hard to grow. Its important to provide your puppy with a balanced and nutritious diet during these growth spurts to support their rapid growth.

Understanding the Causes of Growth Spurts

Genetic Factors

Genetics play a significant role in determining the size and growth rate of a puppy. Different dog breeds have different growth patterns and can experience growth spurts at different ages. Larger breeds generally have more extended growth periods and may go through multiple growth spurts. Understanding your puppys breed and knowing their expected growth pattern can help you recognize and address their growth spurts more effectively.

Nutrition and Diet

Nutrition is another crucial factor that influences your puppys growth. A well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet is essential for healthy growth and development. During growth spurts, puppies need extra calories, protein, and other essential nutrients to support their increased growth rate. Its important to provide them with a diet formulated for their specific developmental stage and monitor their food intake accordingly. Consult with your veterinarian to ensure your puppy is receiving the proper nutrition to support their growth spurts.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes also play a role in triggering growth spurts in puppies. The release of growth hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues. These hormones are naturally produced by the body and contribute to the rapid growth observed during growth spurts. Its important to note that hormonal changes can vary between individual puppies, which may cause differences in the timing and intensity of their growth spurts.

Physical Signs of a Growth Spurt

Increased Height and Length

One of the most noticeable physical signs of a growth spurt in puppies is an increase in height and length. You may observe that your puppy is stretching out and becoming taller, especially in their legs. As their bones lengthen, they may start to appear more elongated in appearance. Keep an eye on their overall body proportions to gauge if they are experiencing a growth spurt.

Bulky Appearance

During a growth spurt, puppies may also develop a more bulky appearance. Their muscles and tissues are growing rapidly, resulting in a fuller and more robust body shape. You may notice that your puppys chest, shoulders, and hindquarters become more prominent and muscular. This increased bulkiness is a clear indication of their growth spurt.

Loose Skin or Wrinkles

Another physical sign of a growth spurt is the presence of loose skin or wrinkles. As your puppy grows, their skin needs time to catch up with their expanding body. This can lead to temporary looseness in the skin or the appearance of wrinkles, especially around their neck, abdomen, and limbs. Dont worry, as the skin will eventually tighten as your puppy continues to grow.

Enlarged Feet and Ears

During a growth spurt, puppies feet and ears may appear disproportionately large compared to the rest of their body. This is because these body parts grow at a faster rate than others. As your puppys body catches up in size, their feet and ears will eventually proportionally fit their adult body. Embrace their temporarily oversized features and enjoy the adorable and clumsy phase of their growth spurt.

Thicker Fur or Coat

Some puppies may also experience changes in their fur or coat during a growth spurt. Its not uncommon for puppies to develop thicker fur or a denser coat during this time. This is natures way of preparing them for their adult coat, which will be thicker and more protective. If you notice changes in your puppys fur or coat during a growth spurt, providing regular grooming and brushing can help them stay comfortable and maintain a healthy coat.

Behavioral Changes During Growth Spurts

Restlessness and Hyperactivity

Behavioral changes are not uncommon during a puppys growth spurt. You may notice that your usually calm and well-behaved puppy becomes more restless and hyperactive. They may have bursts of energy and engage in more play and physical activity. This increase in restless behavior is a result of their bodys need for movement and exercise to support their rapid growth.

Increased Sleep and Napping

While puppies may become more energetic during growth spurts, they will also experience an increased need for sleep and napping. The growth process is physically demanding, and puppies require ample rest to recover and recharge. You may notice that your puppy starts napping more frequently or sleeps for longer periods. Its essential to provide them with a quiet and comfortable space for uninterrupted sleep during their growth spurts.

Clumsiness and Uncoordinated Movements

Puppies going through growth spurts may also exhibit clumsiness and uncoordinated movements. Their rapidly growing bodies can cause their coordination to be temporarily disrupted. You may observe your puppy stumbling or tripping more often than usual, as their limbs are adjusting to their changing proportions. Be patient with them during this phase and provide a safe environment to prevent unnecessary accidents.

Mood Swings and Irritability

Just like human adolescents, puppies can experience mood swings and irritability during growth spurts. Hormonal fluctuations and physical discomfort can contribute to changes in their temperament. Your usually friendly and easygoing puppy may become more irritable or moody. Its important to be understanding and patient with them during this time, providing them with a calm and comforting environment.

Exploratory Behavior and Curiosity

As puppies go through growth spurts, their curiosity and desire to explore their surroundings may increase. They may exhibit more exploratory behavior and show interest in new objects, scents, and environments. This heightened curiosity is a natural part of their development and a way for them to learn about the world around them. Encourage their exploratory behavior in a safe and supervised manner to support their cognitive and sensory development.

Addressing and Supporting Growth Spurts in Puppies

Consulting a Veterinarian

If you notice your puppy going through a growth spurt, its always a good idea to consult with your veterinarian. They can assess your puppys overall health and growth progress, ensuring that everything is on track. Your veterinarian can also provide guidance on the appropriate diet, nutrition, and exercise routine to support your puppy during their growth spurt.

Adjusting Diet and Nutrition

During a growth spurt, its crucial to adjust your puppys diet and nutrition to meet their increased needs. They require additional calories, protein, and essential nutrients to support their rapid growth and development. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate changes to your puppys diet, including portion sizes and the types of food they should be eating. Its important to provide them with a balanced and high-quality diet to ensure healthy growth.

Providing Adequate Exercise and Mental Stimulation

While puppies need plenty of rest during growth spurts, its equally important to provide them with adequate exercise and mental stimulation. Engage in age-appropriate play and physical activities to help your puppy burn off excess energy and strengthen their growing muscles. Mental stimulation, such as puzzle toys and training sessions, can also help keep their growing minds engaged and stimulated.

Ensuring Proper Rest and Sleep

Despite their increased energy levels, puppies still require proper rest and sleep during growth spurts. Make sure to provide them with a calm and comfortable environment for uninterrupted sleep. Create a designated space, such as a crate or a cozy bed, where they can relax and recharge. A consistent sleep routine will contribute to their overall health and well-being during this important developmental phase.

Monitoring Weight and Growth Track

Lastly, its important to monitor your puppys weight and growth track during their growth spurts. Regular weigh-ins and tracking their growth milestones will help you ensure that they are growing at a healthy rate. If you notice any significant deviations or concerns, consult with your veterinarian for further guidance. Tracking their growth progress will also help you anticipate future growth spurts and adjust their care accordingly.

In conclusion, recognizing and addressing growth spurts in puppies is an essential part of their overall development. By observing physical signs, understanding the causes, and addressing any behavioral changes, you can make sure your puppy grows healthily and happily. Remember to provide proper nutrition, exercise, rest, and mental stimulation to support your puppy during their growth spurts. Keep an open line of communication with your veterinarian, who can provide professional guidance and ensure your puppys well-being throughout their growth journey.

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