Crafting a Healthier Dog Menu Tips for Managing Canine Obesity

RVC study reveals extent of dog obesity crisis in the UK

Published: 23 Mar 2021 | Last Updated: 23 Mar 2021 09:08:51

A new study from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) has revealed the scale of the overweight epidemic in dogs in the UK, with 1 in 14 dogs recorded by their vets as overweight each year.

Worryingly, these findings may just be the tip of the iceberg when it comes to canine obesity, because not every overweight pet will receive veterinary attention for this problem. The study also found that certain breeds were especially prone to weight gain, including Pugs, Beagles, Golden Retrievers and English Springer Spaniels. Owners of these breeds need to be especially vigilant to protect their dogs from losing the battle of the bulge.

The study was led by the RVCs VetCompass programme and is one of the largest ever studies that uses anonymised health records of veterinary surgeries to explore the obesity issue of dogs. The study included 22,333 dogs whose health was followed for a year to identify that 1,580 were recorded as overweight. As well as showing that specific breeds were at differing risk, the study also highlighted that being neutered and middle-aged were additionally associated with increasing chances of dogs being overweight. Changes in sex hormones following neutering are thought to result in behaviour changes, specifically increased appetite and decreased physical activity, leading to a tendency to gain weight. Therefore, owners should discuss changes to the diet and exercise plans when they are discussing neutering of their dog with their veterinarian and make adjustments as necessary.

Obesity carries severe welfare risks for dogs. Obese dogs have shortened life spans, reduced quality of life and higher frequencies of some important conditions including arthritis, breathing problems, heart disease, diabetes and certain types of cancer. This new study provides a much needed evidence-base for veterinarians and owners to identify and protect those dogs most at-risk. Understanding which dogs are most at risk allows targeted weight control programmes in high risk dogs to either prevent or treat obesity.

Additional key findings include:

• 7.1% dogs under veterinary care were recorded as overweight in a single year.
• Eight breeds showed increased risk of overweight status compared with crossbred dogs: Pug (x 3.12), Beagle (x 2.67), Golden Retriever (x 2.58), English Springer Spaniel (x 1.98), Border Terrier (x 1.72), Labrador Retriever (x 1.70), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (x 1.50) and Cocker Spaniel (x 1.32).
• Two breeds showed reduced risk of overweight status compared with crossbred dogs: Shih-tzu (x 0.53) and German Shepherd Dog (x 0.55).
• Dogs aged 6 to < 9 (years) had the highest risk of overweight status (x 2.99) compared with dogs < 3.
• Neutered males had the highest risk (x 1.90) compared with entire females.
• Insured dogs had 1.28 times the risk of overweight status compared with uninsured dogs.

Owners are encouraged to discuss their dogs weight and lifestyle on every visit to their veterinary practice. This is of particular importance in the high-risk dogs identified in this study such as Pugs, Beagles, neutered and middle-aged dogs.

Camilla Pegram, VetCompass Epidemiologist at the RVC, and author of the paper, said:

This study has used the power of big data to robustly address the risk factors for obesity in dogs. Pugs, Beagles and Golden Retrievers were at greatest risk of obesity compared with crossbreeds. As well as genetics, management style could in part drive these breed predispositions. Whilst veterinary professionals and owners should focus efforts on obesity prevention strategies in all dogs, those identified at high-risk, such as Pugs, Beagles and Golden Retrievers, may need a more targeted approach.

Dr Eleanor Raffan, Associate Lecturer in Systems Physiology, at the University of Cambridge, and co-author of the paper, said:

Where breed increases risk of a problem, it means genes are likely to be at least in part to blame and our previous work suggests that genetics drives a high appetite in some breeds. The bad news is that owners of food-obsessed dogs have to work much harder to keep their dogs at a healthy weight the good news is that it can be done.

Dr Dan ONeill, Senior Lecturer, Companion Animal Epidemiology, at the RVC, and co-author of the paper, said:

To defeat your enemy, you need to know your enemy. Obesity is the enemy of the health of our dogs. This new study identifies the breeds and ages of dogs that are most susceptible to obesity; we can use this information to defeat obesity.

Research reference

Pegram et al. (2021) Frequency, breed predisposition and demographic risk factors for overweight status in dogs in the UK Journal of Small Animal Practice. DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13325.

Notes to Editors

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About the RVC

• The Royal Veterinary College (RVC) is the UK's largest and longest established independent veterinary school and is a Member Institution of the University of London. It was the first in the world to hold full accreditation from AVMA, EAEVE, RCVS and AVBC.
• The RVC is the top veterinary school in the world according to the QS World UniversityRankings by subject, 2021.
• The RVC offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in veterinary medicine, veterinary nursing and biological sciences.
• In 2017, the RVC received a Gold award from the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) the highest rating a university can receive.
• A research led institution with 79% of its research rated as internationally excellent or world class in the Research Excellence Framework 2014.
• The RVC provides animal owners and the veterinary profession with access to expert veterinary care and advice through its teaching hospitals and first opinion practices in London and Hertfordshire.

Obesity in Dogs: What to Know

According to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, more than half of all dogs are overweight or obese. A dog is considered overweight when their weight is 15% or more above the ideal. Dogs are obese when their weight is 30% or more above the ideal weight for that animal.

Generally, obesity in dogs occurs when there is an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed versus the amount of energy used, although studies show that other factors can also contribute to the problem. Obese dogs tend to be older, female, and spayed. As one might expect, obese dogs tend to receive less exercise than their healthy-weight counterparts.

According to one study, some breeds have shown a predisposition to obesity. The breeds in question include Basset Hounds, Dachshunds, Beagles, Cairn Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Scottish Terriers, Shetland Sheepdogs, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, and Labrador Retrievers. In contrast, the studys authors note, some breeds, such as the sighthounds, rarely develop obesity.

Dogs that have been spayed or neutered also may have a greater tendency to gain weight, possibly due to the change in metabolism and loss of hormones. Its important for dog owners to be aware of this possibility and make certain their dogs maintain a healthy weight after surgery.

Age can also be a factor in obesity. As dogs age, their activity level decreases and they lose lean body mass. Dog owners should work with their veterinarians to adjust food intake as the dog ages.

Obesity in Dogs and Health Issues

Unfortunately, obesity can contribute to (or cause) serious health problems in dogs. Among the health problems that are made worse by obesity are:

Obesity has also been shown to contribute to an overall shorter life span for dogs when compared to the lifespan of healthy-weight dogs.

Is My Dog Obese?

Dog owners can access a variety of resources to determine if their pet is obese. Online, they can look for body condition charts from responsible sources to get a visual idea of how their dog should be shaped. Generally, dogs with an ideal weight are well-proportioned. You should be able to easily feel their rib bones, spine, and pelvic bones, but they should not be visible or protruding. There should be a visible tuck at their waist.

Of course, the best way to tell if your dog is overweight or obese is for them to receive regular check-ups from their veterinarian. Your dogs veterinarian is able to determine the animals ideal weight and provide you with a plan for reaching that ideal weight if the animal is overweight, obese, or underweight.

Helping Your Dog Lose Weight Safely

Just like with people, its important that dog owners have a healthy plan to reduce their dogs weight if the animal is overweight or obese. They should consult with their veterinarian to determine how to best decrease the animals caloric intake and increase exercise and activities.

This is likely to be a long-term project that will be most successful with regular monitoring and adjustments to diet and exercise. Today, there are even foods designed to help dogs lose weight. Again, your veterinarian can help determine the best approach for your dog.

Its important that exercise programs be started slowly and increased gradually. Walking, playing fetch with a ball, and socializing at dog parks are good, low-impact ways for dogs to increase canine activity levels. You can also try getting involved with AKC FIT DOG, which will get both you and your dog moving. As your dog becomes more used to the activity, you can slowly increase the amount of time you and your dog are doing the activity.

The one thing pet owners want to be sure to avoid is yo-yo dieting. Repeated gaining and losing weight is not healthy for the animal and can lead to other health problems.

An active dog at a healthy weight will be a happier and healthier dog and will likely have a longer life to share with their human family.

The Growing Problem of Canine Obesity: Causes, Risks, and Solutions

We all love our furry friends, and as pet owners, we want the best for them. However, sometimes our love and affection can lead to overindulging our dogs with treats, snacks, and extra meals. Unfortunately, this can contribute to a growing problem that affects millions of dogs around the world: canine obesity.

Canine obesity is a serious health concern that can lead to a range of health problems, from joint pain to diabetes and heart disease. As responsible pet owners, its up to us to learn about the causes and risks of canine obesity, and take steps to prevent or manage it. In this blog, well explore the main causes of canine obesity, the potential health risks, and effective strategies for preventing or managing it.

Causes of Canine Obesity

There are several factors that can contribute to canine obesity, and its important for pet owners to understand them in order to prevent or manage this health concern. Overfeeding, lack of exercise, and genetics are all potential causes of canine obesity. Additionally, certain breeds and age ranges may be more prone to obesity than others. By understanding these causes, pet owners can take steps to keep their furry friends at a healthy weight and prevent the onset of health problems. In this section, well delve deeper into the main causes of canine obesity and explore strategies for preventing it.

Overfeeding: How to Control Your Dogs Portion Sizes

Overfeeding is one of the main causes of canine obesity. Its easy to fall into the trap of overfeeding our furry friends, especially when they give us those irresistible puppy eyes or beg for more treats. However, giving your dog too much food can have serious consequences for their health. To prevent overfeeding, its important to control your dogs portion sizes. This means measuring out their food carefully and avoiding the temptation to give them extra portions or scraps from the table. Your veterinarian can provide guidance on how much to feed your dog based on their breed, age, and activity level. By controlling your dogs portion sizes, you can help them maintain a healthy weight and avoid the risks of obesity.

Exercise: Making Sure Your Dog Gets Enough Physical Activity

Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy weight in dogs. Its important to make sure your furry friend gets enough physical activity on a regular basis. Different dogs have different exercise needs, depending on their breed, age, and health status. Some dogs may need several hours of exercise per day, while others may only need a short walk. The key is to find a routine that works for you and your dog, and to stick to it consistently. Some fun ways to incorporate exercise into your dogs routine include playing fetch, going for walks or runs, and participating in dog sports like agility or flyball. Regular exercise not only helps with weight management, but it also promotes good mental health and can strengthen the bond between you and your dog.

Genetics: Understanding How Breed and Age Affect Your Dogs Weight

Genetics can play a role in canine obesity. Some dog breeds are more prone to weight gain than others, and certain age ranges may also be more susceptible to obesity. For example, older dogs may have a slower metabolism and be less active, which can make it easier for them to gain weight. Additionally, some breeds are genetically predisposed to weight gain, such as Labrador Retrievers and Beagles.

If you have a dog that is at a higher risk for obesity due to genetics, its important to be extra vigilant about their diet and exercise routine. Your veterinarian can help you determine if your dog is at a higher risk for obesity and provide guidance on how to manage their weight effectively. By understanding how genetics can affect your dogs weight, you can take steps to prevent or manage obesity and ensure a long and healthy life for your furry friend.

Health Risks of Canine Obesity

Canine obesity is not just a cosmetic concern it can have serious health consequences for your furry friend. Extra weight can put pressure on your dogs joints, leading to joint pain and arthritis. It can also increase the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. Additionally, obese dogs may have a shorter lifespan and a lower quality of life. As a pet owner, its important to understand the potential health risks of canine obesity and take steps to prevent or manage it. In this section, well explore the main health risks of canine obesity in more detail and provide guidance on how to keep your dog healthy and happy.

Joint Problems: Understanding How Extra Weight Puts Pressure on Your Dogs Joints

Extra weight can put pressure on your dogs joints, which can lead to joint pain, arthritis, and other mobility issues. This is especially true for older dogs or dogs with pre-existing joint conditions. As your dog gains weight, their joints have to work harder to support their body, which can cause wear and tear on the cartilage and lead to joint damage. In severe cases, joint problems can limit your dogs mobility and quality of life.

To prevent joint problems, its important to keep your dog at a healthy weight and provide them with regular exercise to keep their joints strong and flexible. If your dog is already experiencing joint pain or mobility issues, your veterinarian can provide guidance on how to manage their condition and improve their quality of life. By taking steps to prevent joint problems, you can ensure that your furry friend stays healthy, active, and happy for years to come.

Diabetes: The Link Between Obesity and Canine Diabetes

Just like humans, dogs can also suffer from diabetes, a chronic condition that can cause a range of health problems. Canine obesity is a major risk factor for developing diabetes, as overweight dogs have to work harder to produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. This can lead to insulin resistance, where the body is unable to use insulin effectively, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. Over time, this can cause a range of health complications, such as infections and damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nervous system.

To prevent diabetes, its important to keep your dog at a healthy weight and provide them with regular exercise. If your dog has already been diagnosed with diabetes, your veterinarian can provide guidance on how to manage their condition and prevent further health problems. By understanding the link between obesity and diabetes, pet owners can take steps to keep their pups healthy and happy for years to come.

Heart Disease: How Obesity Puts Your Dogs Heart Health at Risk

Just like in humans, obesity can increase the risk of heart disease in dogs. When a dog is carrying extra weight, their heart has to work harder to pump blood throughout their body, which can cause long-term damage to the heart muscle. Moreover, obesity can cause fatty deposits to accumulate in the arteries, potentially leading to blockages that increase the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems. Dogs with heart disease may exhibit symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue. To reduce the risk of heart disease, its essential to keep your dog at a healthy weight and ensure they get regular exercise. If your dog has already been diagnosed with heart disease, your veterinarian can guide you on how to manage their condition and prevent further complications.

Prevention and Management of Canine Obesity

Keeping your furry friend at a healthy weight involves much more than simply restricting their food intake. It requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle factors. By being proactive about your dogs weight, you can reduce the risk of health problems and ensure that they lead a happy and fulfilling life. In this section, well explore various effective strategies for preventing and managing canine obesity. Well cover everything from creating a healthy diet plan and incorporating exercise into your dogs routine, to rewarding them with healthy treats. By taking a holistic approach to your dogs health, you can help them maintain a healthy weight and enjoy a long and happy life by your side.

Creating a Healthy Diet Plan for Your Dog: Balancing Nutrients and Calories

A healthy diet is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight in dogs. When creating a diet plan for your furry friend, its important to strike a balance between nutrients and calories. Your dogs diet should provide all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to keep them healthy, but also limit the number of calories to prevent excess weight gain. High-quality dog food brands can provide a good foundation for your dogs diet, but its also important to consider your dogs individual needs and adjust their food intake accordingly.

Factors such as breed, age, and activity level can all influence how much and what type of food your dog needs. Your veterinarian can help you create a personalized diet plan for your dog and recommend the right type and amount of food to help them maintain a healthy weight. By creating a healthy diet plan for your furry friend, you can help them achieve and maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of obesity-related health problems.

Exercise for Dogs: Tips and Tricks for Keeping Your Pup Active

Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy weight in dogs. However, it can sometimes be challenging to keep your pup active, especially if you have a busy schedule or live in a small space. Fortunately, there are many fun and creative ways to incorporate exercise into your dogs routine. Simple activities like going for walks or playing fetch in the backyard can provide much-needed exercise for your furry friend. Other fun ideas include taking your dog on hikes, swimming, or playing with puzzle toys that encourage physical activity.

Its important to find activities that your dog enjoys and that fit into your lifestyle. Consistency is key, so aim for regular exercise sessions throughout the week. Your veterinarian can provide guidance on how much exercise your dog needs based on their breed, age, and health status. By making exercise a priority in your dogs life, you can help them maintain a healthy weight and improve their overall physical and mental well-being.

Incorporating Healthy Treats: Rewarding Your Dog Without Overfeeding

Treats are a great way to reward your dog for good behavior and show them some love. However, its important to choose treats that are both delicious and healthy, so you dont inadvertently contribute to your dogs weight gain. Look for treats that are low in calories and made from high-quality ingredients, such as lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Avoid treats that are high in fat or sugar, or that contain fillers and artificial preservatives. You can also consider making your own homemade treats using healthy ingredients like peanut butter or pumpkin puree. When it comes to portion control, its best to stick to small, bite-sized treats and limit the number you give your dog each day. By incorporating healthy treats into your dogs diet, you can reward them without overfeeding and help them maintain a healthy weight.

Conclusion

Canine obesity is a serious health concern that can impact your dogs quality of life and increase the risk of a range of health problems. However, with the right strategies in place, its possible to prevent and manage obesity in your furry friend. By creating a healthy diet plan, incorporating regular exercise into their routine, and rewarding them with healthy treats, you can help your dog maintain a healthy weight and enjoy a happy, active life. Remember, every dog is different, and what works for one dog may not work for another. Its important to work closely with your veterinarian to create a customized plan that meets your dogs unique needs. With patience, dedication, and a commitment to your dogs health and well-being, you can help them achieve and maintain a healthy weight and enjoy a long and happy life by your side.

~Lindsie